> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://docs.put.com/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://docs.put.com/cli/durable-transaction-nonces.md). # Durable Transaction Nonces ## Durable Transaction Nonces Durable transaction nonces are a mechanism for getting around the typical short lifetime of a transaction's recent\_blockhash. They are implemented as a PUT Program, the mechanics of which can be read about in the proposal. ## Usage Examples Full usage details for durable nonce CLI commands can be found in the CLI reference. ### Nonce Authority Authority over a nonce account can optionally be assigned to another account. In doing so the new authority inherits full control over the nonce account from the previous authority, including the account creator. This feature enables the creation of more complex account ownership arrangements and derived account addresses not associated with a keypair. The --nonce-authority \ argument is used to specify this account and is supported by the following commands * `create-nonce-account` * `new-nonce` * `withdraw-from-nonce-account` * `authorize-nonce-account` ### Nonce Account Creation The durable transaction nonce feature uses an account to store the next nonce value. Durable nonce accounts must be rent-exempt, so need to carry the minimum balance to achieve this. A nonce account is created by first generating a new keypair, then create the account on chain Command ``` put-keygen new -o nonce-keypair.json put create-nonce-account nonce-keypair.json 1 ``` Output ``` 2SymGjGV4ksPdpbaqWFiDoBz8okvtiik4KE9cnMQgRHrRLySSdZ6jrEcpPifW4xUpp4z66XM9d9wM48sA7peG2XL ``` To keep the keypair entirely offline, use the Paper Wallet keypair generation instructions instead Full usage documentation ### Querying the Stored Nonce Value Creating a durable nonce transaction requires passing the stored nonce value as the value to the --blockhash argument upon signing and submission. Obtain the presently stored nonce value with Command ``` put nonce nonce-keypair.json ``` Output ``` 8GRipryfxcsxN8mAGjy8zbFo9ezaUsh47TsPzmZbuytU ``` Full usage documentation ### Advancing the Stored Nonce Value While not typically needed outside a more useful transaction, the stored nonce value can be advanced by Command ``` put new-nonce nonce-keypair.json ``` Output ``` 44jYe1yPKrjuYDmoFTdgPjg8LFpYyh1PFKJqm5SC1PiSyAL8iw1bhadcAX1SL7KDmREEkmHpYvreKoNv6fZgfvUK ``` ### Display Nonce Account Inspect a nonce account in a more human friendly format with * Command ``` put nonce-account nonce-keypair.json ``` * Output ``` balance: 0.5 PUT minimum balance required: 0.00136416 PUT nonce: DZar6t2EaCFQTbUP4DHKwZ1wT8gCPW2aRfkVWhydkBvS ``` > Full usage documentation ### Withdraw Funds from a Nonce Account Withdraw funds from a nonce account with * Command ``` put withdraw-from-nonce-account nonce-keypair.json ~/.config/put/id.json 0.5 ``` * Output ``` 3foNy1SBqwXSsfSfTdmYKDuhnVheRnKXpoPySiUDBVeDEs6iMVokgqm7AqfTjbk7QBE8mqomvMUMNQhtdMvFLide ``` > Close a nonce account by withdrawing the full balance > Full usage documentation ### Assign a New Authority to a Nonce Account Reassign the authority of a nonce account after creation with * Command ``` put authorize-nonce-account nonce-keypair.json nonce-authority.json ``` * Output ``` 3F9cg4zN9wHxLGx4c3cUKmqpej4oa67QbALmChsJbfxTgTffRiL3iUehVhR9wQmWgPua66jPuAYeL1K2pYYjbNoT ``` > Full usage documentation ## Other Commands Supporting Durable Nonces To make use of durable nonces with other CLI subcommands, two arguments must be supported. * `--nonce`, specifies the account storing the nonce value * `--nonce-authority`, specifies an optional nonce authority The following subcommands have received this treatment so far * `pay` * `delegate-stake` * `deactivate-stake` ### Example Pay Using Durable Nonce Here we demonstrate Alice paying Bob 1 SOL using a durable nonce. The procedure is the same for all subcommands supporting durable nonces **- Create accounts**[**#**](https://docs.solana.com/offline-signing/durable-nonce#--create-accounts) First we need some accounts for Alice, Alice's nonce and Bob ``` $ put-keygen new -o alice.json $ put-keygen new -o nonce.json $ put-keygen new -o bob.json ``` * Fund Alice's account# Alice will need some funds to create a nonce account and send to Bob. Airdrop her some PUT ``` $ put airdrop -k alice.json 1 1 PUT ``` * Create Alice's nonce account# Now Alice needs a nonce account. Create one ``` Here, no separate nonce authority is employed, so alice.json has full authority over the nonce account ``` $ put create-nonce-account -k alice.json nonce.json 0.1 3KPZr96BTsL3hqera9up82KAU462Gz31xjqJ6eHUAjF935Yf8i1kmfEbo6SVbNaACKE5z6gySrNjVRvmS8DcPuwV * A failed first attempt to pay Bob# Alice attempts to pay Bob, but takes too long to sign. The specified blockhash expires and the transaction fails ``` $ put transfer -k alice.json --blockhash expiredDTaxfagttWjQweib42b6ZHADSx94Tw8gHx11 bob.json 0.01 [2020-01-02T18:48:28.462911000Z ERROR put_cli::cli] Io(Custom { kind: Other, error: "Transaction \"33gQQaoPc9jWePMvDAeyJpcnSPiGUAdtVg8zREWv4GiKjkcGNufgpcbFyRKRrA25NkgjZySEeKue5rawyeH5TzsV\" failed: None" }) Error: Io(Custom { kind: Other, error: "Transaction \"33gQQaoPc9jWePMvDAeyJpcnSPiGUAdtVg8zREWv4GiKjkcGNufgpcbFyRKRrA25NkgjZySEeKue5rawyeH5TzsV\" failed: None" }) ``` * Nonce to the rescue!# Alice retries the transaction, this time specifying her nonce account and the blockhash stored there Remember, alice.json is the nonce authority in this example ``` $ put nonce-account nonce.json balance: 0.1 PUT minimum balance required: 0.00136416 PUT nonce: F7vmkY3DTaxfagttWjQweib42b6ZHADSx94Tw8gHx3W7 $ put transfer -k alice.json --blockhash F7vmkY3DTaxfagttWjQweib42b6ZHADSx94Tw8gHx3W7 --nonce nonce.json bob.json 0.01 HR1368UKHVZyenmH7yVz5sBAijV6XAPeWbEiXEGVYQorRMcoijeNAbzZqEZiH8cDB8tk65ckqeegFjK8dHwNFgQ ``` * Success!# The transaction succeeds! Bob receives 0.01 PUT from Alice and Alice's stored nonce advances to a new value ``` $ put balance -k bob.json 0.01 PUT $ put nonce-account nonce.json balance: 0.1 PUT minimum balance required: 0.00136416 PUT nonce: 6bjroqDcZgTv6Vavhqf81oBHTv3aMnX19UTB51YhAZnN ```